{"id":6833,"date":"2025-04-09T14:21:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T12:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/?p=6833"},"modified":"2025-05-22T14:06:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T12:06:13","slug":"legenda-filmovych-pyrotechnickych-efektu-ing-jiri-berger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/?p=6833","title":{"rendered":"Legenda filmov\u00fdch pyrotechnick\u00fdch efekt\u016f Ing. Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ing. Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger byl v\u00fdznamnou osobnost\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 filmov\u00e9 pyrotechniky, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1ce z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovlivnila vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nku mnoha film\u016f a televizn\u00edch projekt\u016f. Narodil se 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1930 a svou profesn\u00ed dr\u00e1hu zasv\u011btil tvorb\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00edch efekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1valy film\u016fm na autenti\u010dnosti a dramati\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tky kari\u00e9ry a prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed Vojensk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 akademie v roce 1954, kde se specializoval na chemii a v\u00fdbu\u0161niny, za\u010dal Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger pracovat v technick\u00e9m \u00fastavu ministerstva vnitra na technick\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lezech pro rozv\u011bdku. Jeho vstup do filmov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu nastal v roce 1967, kdy byl doporu\u010den jako pyrotechnik pro film V\u00e1clava Vorl\u00ed\u010dka Konec agenta W4C prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm psa pana Foustky. Tento projekt odstartoval jeho dlouhou a plodnou spolupr\u00e1ci s filmov\u00fdm studiem Barrandov.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V roce 1975 nastoupil do \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 televize, kde zalo\u017eil odd\u011blen\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch efekt\u016f. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry se pod\u00edlel na v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 filmech, v\u010detn\u011b Trh\u00e1ku, kde realizoval slavnou sc\u00e9nu s exploz\u00ed na n\u00e1vsi, a Tankov\u00e9ho praporu.<\/p>\n

M\u016fj kamar\u00e1d Franti\u0161ek \u0158\u00ed\u010dka, tehdy \u0161\u00e9fdramaturg arm\u00e1dn\u00edho filmu, mi \u0159ekl: Posly\u0161, ty jsi takov\u00fd hra\u010di\u010dka, do filmu Konec agenta W4C by pot\u0159ebovali mal\u00fd atomov\u00fd v\u00fdbuch na leti\u0161ti. Tak jsem se do toho pustil a k pln\u00e9 spokojenosti ho uskute\u010dnil. Jen\u017ee pak cht\u011bli je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdbuch gran\u00e1tu u leti\u0161t\u011b na k\u0159i\u017eovatce, j\u00e1 v\u016fbec netu\u0161il, \u017ee se z\u00e1b\u011br m\u016f\u017ee opakovat, tak\u017ee jsem u\u017e nem\u011bl materi\u00e1l. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed od Kladna p\u0159i\u0161la mlha, re\u017eis\u00e9r V\u00e1clav Vorl\u00ed\u010dek pov\u00edd\u00e1 A\u017e z\u00edtra! a do druh\u00e9ho dne jsem se vybavil, vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 ing. Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger na sv\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

U filmu A\u0165 \u017eij\u00ed duchov\u00e9 bylo p\u00e1r efekt\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi by si sou\u010dasn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d snadno poradil, ale tehdy se to muselo d\u011blat tradi\u010dn\u00ed technikou. T\u0159eba ohniv\u00fd n\u00e1pis byl dost probl\u00e9m, proto\u017ee aceton rychle vyprch\u00e1val. A v komedii \u010cty\u0159i vra\u017edy sta\u010d\u00ed, drahou\u0161ku si pov\u0161imn\u011bte gar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se zata\u017een\u00fdmi vraty z vlnit\u00e9ho plechu.<\/p>\n

Ak\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny a po\u017e\u00e1ry se toti\u017e to\u010dily u dne\u0161n\u00edho metra Malostransk\u00e1, tehdy tam byly podzemn\u00ed gar\u00e1\u017ee ministerstva kultury a v jedn\u00e9 z nich st\u00e1la ministersk\u00e1 tatra \u0161estsettrojka, tak\u017ee jsme museli d\u00e1vat pozor.“<\/p>\n

U seri\u00e1lu N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci rozst\u0159\u00edlel auto samopalem, vyhodil do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed cisternu a zapaloval d\u016fm mlad\u00e9ho g\u00e9nia, ale to pr\u00fd nebylo nic zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho. Zato Zbran\u011b pro Prahu za\u017eily po explozi utr\u017eenou st\u0159echu, kter\u00e1 popravila kachnu na dvorku, \u010di historku s Ji\u0159\u00edm Kodetem, kter\u00fd nechal mezi sebe a panc\u00e9\u0159ovou p\u011bst postavit izola\u010dn\u00ed st\u011bnu a pr\u00e1v\u011b tou ochranou mu v\u011btrn\u00fd poryv u\u0161t\u011bd\u0159il r\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Spolupr\u00e1ce s renomovan\u00fdmi re\u017eis\u00e9ry<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry spolupracoval s \u0159adou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch re\u017eis\u00e9r\u016f. S V\u00e1clavem Vorl\u00ed\u010dkem pracoval na filmech jako Pane, vy jste vdova! a Ad\u00e9la je\u0161t\u011b neve\u010de\u0159ela. V Pane, vy jste vdova! m\u011bl za \u00fakol sest\u0159elit v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed ozdobu z hlavy Ivy Jan\u017eurov\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed malor\u00e1\u017eky, co\u017e vy\u017eadovalo mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou p\u0159esnost a d\u016fv\u011bru mezi hercem a pyrotechnikem.<\/p>\n

S re\u017eis\u00e9rem Old\u0159ichem Lipsk\u00fdm spolupracoval na filmech \u010cty\u0159i vra\u017edy sta\u010d\u00ed, drahou\u0161ku a A\u0165 \u017eij\u00ed duchov\u00e9. V \u010cty\u0159i vra\u017edy sta\u010d\u00ed, drahou\u0161ku realizoval sc\u00e9ny s v\u00fdbuchy v gar\u00e1\u017e\u00edch ministerstva kultury, kde musel db\u00e1t na bezpe\u010dnost okol\u00ed i techniky. B\u011bhem nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed si v\u0161iml, \u017ee jeden z kaskad\u00e9r\u016f \u201czem\u0159el\u201d ji\u017e podruh\u00e9, na co\u017e Lipsk\u00fd reagoval s humorem: \u201cKdo u n\u00e1s neum\u0159e aspo\u0148 dvakr\u00e1t, nem\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na honor\u00e1\u0159.\u201d<\/p>\n

Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed projekty a technick\u00e9 inovace<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger se pod\u00edlel i na zahrani\u010dn\u00edch projektech, nap\u0159\u00edklad na americk\u00e9m filmu Most u Remagenu, kter\u00fd se z\u010d\u00e1sti nat\u00e1\u010del v \u010ceskoslovensku. Pro tento film vyvinul speci\u00e1ln\u00ed efekty, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bly k jeho autenti\u010dnosti. Po invazi vojsk Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy v roce 1968 bylo nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161eno a dokon\u010deno v It\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kari\u00e9ra a odkaz<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po Listopadu zase pracoval na cyklu Mlad\u00fd Indiana Jones, kde angli\u010dt\u00ed pyrotechnici \u0159e\u0161ili, jak se m\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e na vodu po z\u00e1sahu gran\u00e1tu z\u0159\u00edtit t\u011bsn\u011b za Indym proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm na motocyklu. „Maj\u00ed povolenou jedinou trhavinu, takzvanou bleskovici; my jim navrhli semtex a oni mysleli, \u017ee semtex se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro irsk\u00e9 teroristy.“ Jeden slavn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch filmov\u00e9ho pyrotechnika si okam\u017eit\u011b vybav\u00ed snad ka\u017ed\u00fd div\u00e1k: pat\u0159\u00ed toti\u017e ke komedii Zde\u0148ka Podskalsk\u00e9ho Trh\u00e1k. Berger v n\u011bm rozmetal trhavinou hn\u016fj tak re\u00e1ln\u011b, \u017ee pr\u00fd m\u00e1lokdo sta\u010dil uhnout, a hlavn\u011b odp\u00e1lil jiho\u010deskou n\u00e1ves, tedy polystyrenov\u00e9 n\u00e1stavce selsk\u00e9ho baroka nadit\u00e9 n\u00e1lo\u017eemi. Ano, to je ta slavn\u00e1 sc\u00e9na, kdy Ladislav Smoljak coby re\u017eis\u00e9r ukazuje – J\u00e1 pak takhle m\u00e1vnu – a p\u0159ijde exploze.<\/p>\n

A jak to bylo doopravdy? „Cel\u00e1 n\u00e1ves byla kv\u016fli filmov\u00e1n\u00ed bez oken, ale \u0161t\u00e1b se balil a u\u017e tam naj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bla sklen\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 auta,“ uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger sv\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger byl zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou preciznost\u00ed, kreativitou a schopnost\u00ed realizovat i ty nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pyrotechnick\u00e9 efekty. Jeho pr\u00e1ce z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes inspirac\u00ed pro nov\u00e9 generace filmov\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f a jeho p\u0159\u00ednos \u010desk\u00e9 kinematografii je nezpochybniteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00fd text a fotografie iDnes, \u010cesk\u00e1 televize<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ing. Ji\u0159\u00ed Berger byl v\u00fdznamnou osobnost\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 filmov\u00e9 pyrotechniky, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1ce z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovlivnila vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nku mnoha film\u016f a televizn\u00edch projekt\u016f. Narodil se 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1930 a svou profesn\u00ed dr\u00e1hu zasv\u011btil tvorb\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00edch efekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1valy film\u016fm na autenti\u010dnosti a dramati\u010dnosti. Po\u010d\u00e1tky kari\u00e9ry a prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy Po absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed Vojensk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 akademie v roce 1954, kde se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,87,52],"tags":[73,72,53,96,97],"class_list":["post-6833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art","category-civilni-pyrotechnika","category-historie-ohnostroju","tag-cerny-prach","tag-civilni-pyrotechnika","tag-historie","tag-ohnostroje","tag-pyrotechnika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6833"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6840,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6833\/revisions\/6840"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}