{"id":6967,"date":"2025-08-16T15:24:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T13:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/?p=6967"},"modified":"2025-08-16T15:34:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-16T13:34:54","slug":"historie-barevnych-ohnostroju-od-zlatych-jisker-k-moderni-barevne-pyrotechnice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/?p=6967","title":{"rendered":"Historie barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f: Od zlat\u00fdch jisker k modern\u00ed barevn\u00e9 pyrotechnice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e oh\u0148ostroje m\u011bly pouze zlatou barvu<\/h1>\n

P\u0159edstavte si oh\u0148ostroj bez barev – pouze zlat\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 jiskry osv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed oblohu. P\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00e9 byly oh\u0148ostroje a\u017e do konce 18. stolet\u00ed. Historie barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o pyrotechnice, alchymii a v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objevech, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily zp\u016fsob, jak slav\u00edme v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\n

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na \u00fa\u017easnou cestu od jednoduch\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f k modern\u00ed barevn\u00e9 pyrotechnice, kter\u00e1 dnes dok\u00e1\u017ee na obloze vytvo\u0159it cel\u00e9 spektrum barev. Sezn\u00e1m\u00edme se s Ruggieri bratry, legend\u00e1rn\u00edmi francouzsk\u00fdmi pyrotechniky, a objev\u00edme, jak chemick\u00e9 objevy 19. stolet\u00ed revolucionizovaly sv\u011bt oh\u0148ostroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj oh\u0148ostroj\u016f od zlat\u00fdch jisker 18. stolet\u00ed k modern\u00ed barevn\u00e9 pyrotechnice<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Zlat\u00fd v\u011bk klasick\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f (do 18. stolet\u00ed)<\/h1>\n

Pro\u010d byly p\u016fvodn\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje pouze zlat\u00e9?<\/h2>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed obsahovaly pouze t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky:<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed (palivo)<\/li>\n
  • S\u00edru (katalyz\u00e1tor ho\u0159en\u00ed)<\/li>\n
  • Dusi\u010dnan draseln\u00fd neboli saletr (ledek) (oxida\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    P\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu t\u00e9to sm\u011bsi se kovov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice \u017eeleza a hlin\u00edku rozeh\u0159ej\u00ed na vysokou teplotu a ho\u0159\u00ed charakteristick\u00fdm zlatav\u00fdm a\u017e st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdm sv\u011btlem. Tato jednoduch\u00e1 pyrotechnika byla spolehliv\u00e1, ale barevn\u011b omezen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    Ruggieri brat\u0159i a vrchol zlat\u00e9 pyrotechniky<\/h3>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Ruggieri brat\u0159i z italsk\u00e9 Bologne se stali nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pyrotechniky 18. stolet\u00ed ve Francii. Tato italsk\u00e1 rodina oh\u0148ostr\u016fjc\u016f slou\u017eila francouzsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9mu dvoru a vytvo\u0159ila n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejvelkolep\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f sv\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n

    \u010clen rodiny Ruggieri\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Obdob\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hlavn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy<\/p>\n

    —\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—<\/p>\n

    Petronio Ruggieri\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a01747-1780\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Organiz\u00e1tor kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f, dvorn\u00ed pyrotechnik<\/p>\n

    Claude-Fortun\u00e9 Ruggieri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01780-1820\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Pr\u016fkopn\u00edk barevn\u00fdch efekt\u016f, inovace v pyrotechnice<\/p>\n

    Ruggieri brat\u0159i realizovali oh\u0148ostroje p\u0159i nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lostech francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed:<\/h3>\n

    Datum\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ud\u00e1lost\u00a0M\u00edsto kon\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

    —\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. b\u0159ezna 1747Svatba Marie Josefy Sask\u00e9 a dauphina\u00a0Place Louis XV, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/li>\n
    2. \u0159\u00edjna 1748Oslavy m\u00edru po V\u00e1lce o rakousk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Place Louis XV, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/li>\n
    3. kv\u011btna 1770Svatba Marie Antoinetty (tragick\u00fd oh\u0148ostroj)\u00a0Place Louis XV, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/li>\n
    4. \u010dervna 1775Korunovace Ludv\u00edka XVI.\u00a0Zahrady Tuileries, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/li>\n
    5. \u010dervence 1790F\u00eate de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Champ-de-Mars, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Prvn\u00ed pokusy o barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje<\/h1>\n

      \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed alchymist\u00e9 a tajemstv\u00ed barevn\u00fdch plamen\u016f<\/h2>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      Historie barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b. \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed alchymist\u00e9 b\u011bhem dynasti\u00ed Song a Ming (10.-16. stolet\u00ed) objevili, \u017ee p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f do pyrotechnick\u00fdch sm\u011bs\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit barvu plamene.<\/p>\n

      Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly:<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Orpiment (arsensulfid) – \u017elutooran\u017eov\u00e9 efekty<\/li>\n
      • M\u011b\u010fnat\u00e9 rudy – nazelenal\u00e9 odst\u00edny<\/li>\n
      • Antimonov\u00e9 slou\u010deniny – \u010dervenohn\u011bd\u00e9 t\u00f3ny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Tyto ran\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje byly v\u0161ak nepravideln\u00e9 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 kv\u016fli ne\u010dist\u00fdm surovin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

        Robert Boyle a v\u011bdeck\u00e9 z\u00e1klady barevn\u00e9 pyrotechniky (1664)<\/h2>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Anglick\u00fd chemik Robert Boyle ve sv\u00e9 knize „Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours“ z roku 1664 jako prvn\u00ed v\u011bdecky popsal, jak r\u016fzn\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 soli p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed barvu plamene.<\/p>\n

        Boyleovy objevy:<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • M\u011b\u010fnat\u00e9 soli vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed zelenou barvu plamene<\/li>\n
        • B\u00e1riov\u00e9 slou\u010deniny vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u017elutozelenou barvu<\/li>\n
        • Strontiov\u00e9 soli produkuj\u00ed \u010dervenooran\u017eovou barvu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Tento v\u011bdeck\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady pro budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj barevn\u00e9 pyrotechniky.<\/h4>\n

          Evrop\u0161t\u00ed pyrotechnici 18. stolet\u00ed a jejich experimenty<\/h2>\n

          Ke konci 18. stolet\u00ed za\u010dali evrop\u0161t\u00ed oh\u0148ostr\u016fjci experimentovat s Boyleov\u00fdmi poznatky. Italsk\u00e9 pyrotechnick\u00e9 rody v Bologni a Neapoli p\u0159id\u00e1valy do sv\u00fdch hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch sm\u011bs\u00ed:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Antimonany pro \u010dervenooran\u017eov\u00fd t\u00f3n<\/li>\n
          • M\u011b\u010fnat\u00e9 soli pro nazelenal\u00e9 efekty<\/li>\n
          • \u017delezit\u00e9 slou\u010deniny pro jisk\u0159iv\u00e9 efekty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Claude-Fortun\u00e9 Ruggieri byl mezi prvn\u00edmi, kdo systematicky experimentoval s barevn\u00fdmi efekty v pyrotechnice. Jeho pokusy na konci 18. stolet\u00ed polo\u017eily z\u00e1klady pro revoluci v oh\u0148ostroj\u00edch.<\/p>\n

            Chemick\u00e1 revoluce v pyrotechnice (19. stolet\u00ed)<\/h2>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin a prvn\u00ed spolehliv\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 (1797)<\/h3>\n

            Pr\u016flom v barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u00edch p\u0159i\u0161el v roce 1797, kdy francouzsk\u00fd chemik Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin izoloval \u010dist\u00fd karbon\u00e1t strontn\u00fd (SrCO\u2083). Po p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky do pyrotechnick\u00fdch sm\u011bs\u00ed se poprv\u00e9 spolehliv\u011b objevila jasn\u011b \u010derven\u00e1 barva.<\/p>\n

            Vauquelin\u016fv objev znamenal:<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Spolehlivou a opakovatelnou \u010dervenou barvu v oh\u0148ostroj\u00edch<\/li>\n
            • Za\u010d\u00e1tek systematick\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch slou\u010denin v pyrotechnice<\/li>\n
            • Inspiraci pro dal\u0161\u00ed chemiky k hled\u00e1n\u00ed barevn\u00fdch efekt\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Objeven\u00ed baria a zelen\u00e9 barvy oh\u0148ostroj\u016f<\/h2>\n

              Kolem roku 1818 se barium chlorid (BaCl\u2082) stal z\u00e1kladem zelen\u00fdch efekt\u016f v pyrotechnice. Tento objev umo\u017enil pyrotechnik\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Jasn\u011b zelenou barvu v oh\u0148ostroj\u00edch<\/li>\n
              • Kombinace zelen\u00e9 s jin\u00fdmi barvami<\/li>\n
              • Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed barevn\u00e9 kompozice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                M\u011b\u010fnat\u00e9 soli a vznik modr\u00fdch efekt\u016f<\/h2>\n

                M\u011b\u010fnat\u00e9 slou\u010deniny (nap\u0159. CuCl\u2082) se staly z\u00e1kladem modr\u00fdch efekt\u016f, ale stabiln\u00ed modr\u00e1 barva v pyrotechnice byla dosa\u017eena a\u017e ve 30. letech 19. stolet\u00ed. Modr\u00e1 barva z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes jednou z nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch na dosa\u017een\u00ed v oh\u0148ostroj\u00edch.<\/p>\n

                Tabulka barevn\u00fdch efekt\u016f v pyrotechnice:<\/p>\n

                Barva\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Chemick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka\u00a0\u00a0Rok objevu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Obt\u00ed\u017enost realizace<\/p>\n

                —\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—<\/p>\n

                \u010cerven\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Stroncium (Sr)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01797\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/p>\n

                Zelen\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Barium (Ba)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01818\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Snadn\u00e1<\/p>\n

                Modr\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0M\u011b\u010f (Cu)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01830s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Vysok\u00e1<\/p>\n

                \u017dlut\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sod\u00edk (Na)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01860s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Snadn\u00e1<\/p>\n

                Fialov\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0Drasl\u00edk (K)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01870s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Vysok\u00e1<\/p>\n

                V\u00fdvoj barevn\u00e9 pyrotechniky ve 20. stolet\u00ed<\/h2>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                Omezen\u00e1 barevn\u00e1 paleta prvn\u00ed poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed<\/h3>\n

                <\/h3>\n

                B\u011bhem 20. stolet\u00ed u\u017e byly oh\u0148ostroje skute\u010dn\u011b barevn\u00e9, ale nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 se na tento pokrok neupozor\u0148ovalo. Pyrotechnika t\u00e9 doby nab\u00edzela pouze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed spektrum barev:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u010cerven\u00e1 (stroncium)<\/li>\n
                • Zelen\u00e1 (barium)<\/li>\n
                • Modr\u00e1 (m\u011b\u010f)<\/li>\n
                • \u017dlut\u00e1 (sod\u00edk)<\/li>\n
                • St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 (ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, hlin\u00edk)<\/li>\n
                • Zlat\u00e1 (uhl\u00edk, \u017eelezo)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  V\u011bt\u0161ina oh\u0148ostroj\u016f a\u017e do 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvala pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto z\u00e1kladn\u00ed barvy. Snaha o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed odst\u00edn\u016f existovala, ale technologie a \u010distota chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek je\u0161t\u011b neumo\u017e\u0148ovaly spolehlivou v\u00fdrobu slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch barevn\u00fdch efekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

                  Pr\u016flom v barevn\u00fdch odst\u00ednech koncem 20. stolet\u00ed<\/h3>\n

                  Teprve koncem 20. stolet\u00ed se pyrotechnici za\u010dali v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159ovat na testov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch odst\u00edn\u016f. Pokroky v chemii a dostupnost \u010dist\u0161\u00edch kovov\u00fdch sol\u00ed umo\u017enily experimentovat s:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Oran\u017eov\u00fdmi odst\u00edny (kombinace stronciov\u00fdch a sod\u00edkov\u00fdch sol\u00ed)<\/li>\n
                  • R\u016f\u017eov\u00fdmi t\u00f3ny (lithium a stroncium)<\/li>\n
                  • Tyrkysov\u00fdmi barvami (m\u011b\u010f s b\u00f3rem)<\/li>\n
                  • Fialov\u00fdmi efekty (drasl\u00edk s rubidiem)<\/li>\n
                  • B\u00edl\u00fdmi sv\u011btly r\u016fzn\u00fdch teplot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Modern\u00ed barevn\u00e1 pyrotechnika a sv\u011btov\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i<\/h2>\n

                    \"\"<\/h3>\n

                    Jak funguj\u00ed barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje dnes?<\/h3>\n

                    Modern\u00ed barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje funguj\u00ed na principu excitace elektron\u016f v kovov\u00fdch atomech. Proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve t\u0159ech kroc\u00edch:<\/p>\n

                    1. P\u0159\u00edprava barevn\u00fdch hv\u011bzd:<\/h3>\n

                    Kovy (stroncium, barium, m\u011b\u010f) se p\u0159evedou na dob\u0159e rozpustn\u00e9 soli<\/p>\n

                    Sm\u00edchaj\u00ed se s pojivem (\u0161krob, arabsk\u00e1 guma) a nosi\u010dem (dusi\u010dnan draseln\u00fd)<\/p>\n

                    Vytvo\u0159\u00ed se hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 st\u0159ely r\u016fzn\u00fdch barev<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Kovy (stroncium, barium, m\u011b\u010f) se p\u0159evedou na dob\u0159e rozpustn\u00e9 soli<\/li>\n
                    • Sm\u00edchaj\u00ed se s pojivem (\u0161krob, arabsk\u00e1 guma) a nosi\u010dem (dusi\u010dnan draseln\u00fd)<\/li>\n
                    • Vytvo\u0159\u00ed se hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 st\u0159ely r\u016fzn\u00fdch barev<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      2. Odp\u00e1len\u00ed a rozptyl:<\/h3>\n

                      Po v\u00fdbuchu se hv\u011bzdy rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed do vzduchu<\/p>\n

                      Vysok\u00e1 teplota excituje elektrony v kovov\u00fdch ionech<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Po v\u00fdbuchu se hv\u011bzdy rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed do vzduchu<\/li>\n
                      • Vysok\u00e1 teplota excituje elektrony v kovov\u00fdch ionech<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        3. Emisie sv\u011btla:<\/h3>\n

                        Excitovan\u00e9 elektrony se vracej\u00ed do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho stavu<\/p>\n

                        P\u0159i tom vyza\u0159uj\u00ed specifickou barvu sv\u011btla charakteristickou pro dan\u00fd kov<\/p>\n

                        Evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i modern\u00ed pyrotechniky<\/h2>\n

                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                        \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Caballer pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobce modern\u00edch barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f. Rodinn\u00e9 firmy Pirotecnia Ricardo Caballer (Ricasa) a Pirotecnia Caballer (Vicente Caballer) ze \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 Valencie jsou proslul\u00e9 svou schopnost\u00ed vyrobit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00fdkoliv barevn\u00fd odst\u00edn na zak\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n

                        Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti Caballer pyrotechniky:<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • Saturovan\u00e9 barvy s vysokou \u010distotou<\/li>\n
                        • Komplexn\u00ed barevn\u00e9 sekvence v jednom oh\u0148ostroji<\/li>\n
                        • Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed renom\u00e9 na pyrotechnick\u00fdch festivalech<\/li>\n
                        • Inovativn\u00ed hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 kompozice pro unik\u00e1tn\u00ed efekty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Italsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Vaccalluzzo ze Sic\u00edlie p\u0159edstavuje dal\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho l\u00eddra v oblasti pokro\u010dil\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 pyrotechniky. Gruppo Vaccalluzzo je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro:<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • V\u00fdjime\u010dnou \u010distotu barev typickou pro italskou pyrotechnickou \u0161kolu<\/li>\n
                          • Specializaci na modr\u00e9 a \u010derven\u00e9 efekty ve velk\u00fdch gran\u00e1tech<\/li>\n
                          • Precizn\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje<\/li>\n
                          • Schopnost vytvo\u0159it jakoukoliv barvu podle po\u017eadavk\u016f z\u00e1kazn\u00edka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Japonsk\u00e9 Hanabi – sv\u011btov\u00fd unik\u00e1t v pyrotechnice<\/h2>\n

                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                            Japonsk\u00e9 Hanabi (doslova „ohniv\u00e9 kv\u011bty“) p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed absolutn\u00ed vrchol sv\u011btov\u00e9 pyrotechniky. Tyto oh\u0148ostroje jsou proslul\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b svou jedine\u010dnou estetikou a technickou dokonalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

                            Co d\u011bl\u00e1 japonsk\u00e9 Hanabi unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi:<\/h3>\n

                            Aspekt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Japonsk\u00e9 Hanabi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje<\/p>\n

                            —\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0—<\/p>\n

                            Estetika\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kv\u011btinov\u00e9 tvary, symetrick\u00e9 rozkv\u011bty\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Explozivn\u00ed efekty, rychl\u00e9 sekvence<\/p>\n

                            Kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam\u00a0Kontemplativn\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hlu\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1bavn\u00ed show<\/p>\n

                            Barvy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u010cist\u00e9, jemn\u00e9 p\u0159echody\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Saturovan\u00e9, kontrastn\u00ed<\/p>\n

                            Rytmus\u00a0Pomal\u00fd, meditativn\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Rychl\u00fd, dramatick\u00fd<\/p>\n

                            Nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed japonsk\u00e9 Hanabi festivaly:<\/h3>\n

                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Sumida River Fireworks (Tokio) – historicky spojen\u00fd s rokem 1733<\/li>\n
                            • Tsuchiura National Fireworks Competition (Ibaraki) – presti\u017en\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e v\u00fdrobc\u016f<\/li>\n
                            • Lake Toyako Fireworks (Hokkaid\u00f3) – letn\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00eddky nad jezerem<\/li>\n
                            • Sendai Tanabata Matsuri – velk\u00fd letn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek s oh\u0148ostroji<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed japonsk\u00e9 pyrotechnick\u00e9 tradice:<\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              • Senko hanabi – tradi\u010dn\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed prskavky jako symbol pom\u00edjivosti<\/li>\n
                              • Tematick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed hanabi s nov\u00fdmi barvami a choreografi\u00ed<\/li>\n
                              • Precizn\u00ed synchronizace s hudbou a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Revoluce v barevn\u00fdch odst\u00ednech 21. stolet\u00ed<\/h1>\n

                                \"\"<\/p>\n

                                Od z\u00e1kladn\u00edch barev k nekone\u010dn\u00e9mu spektru<\/h2>\n

                                Zat\u00edmco je\u0161t\u011b v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed byly k dispozici pouze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed barvy oh\u0148ostroj\u016f, dnes dok\u00e1\u017eou \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00ed v\u00fdrobci jako Caballer, Vaccalluzzo nebo japon\u0161t\u00ed mistry Hanabi vyrobit prakticky jak\u00fdkoliv barevn\u00fd odst\u00edn.<\/p>\n

                                Modern\u00ed barevn\u00e1 paleta oh\u0148ostroj\u016f zahrnuje:<\/h3>\n
                                  \n
                                • Klasick\u00e9 barvy v dokonal\u00e9 \u010distot\u011b<\/li>\n
                                • Pastelov\u00e9 odst\u00edny (sv\u011btle r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1, baby blue, m\u00e1tov\u00e1 zelen\u00e1)<\/li>\n
                                • Metalick\u00e9 efekty (zlat\u00e1, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1, bronzov\u00e1, m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1)<\/li>\n
                                • Duohov\u00e9 p\u0159echody mezi barvami v jedn\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b<\/li>\n
                                • T\u0159pytiv\u00e9 efekty s jemn\u00fdm barevn\u00fdm n\u00e1dechem<\/li>\n
                                • Kontrastn\u00ed kombinace (\u010derveno-zelen\u00e1, modro-oran\u017eov\u00e1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Technologie budoucnosti v pyrotechnice<\/h2>\n

                                  Modern\u00ed pyrotechnika 21. stolet\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1:<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Nanotechnologie pro lep\u0161\u00ed m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed barevn\u00fdch kompozic<\/li>\n
                                  • Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed pro p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f barevn\u00fdch efekt\u016f<\/li>\n
                                  • Ekologick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s men\u0161\u00edm dopadem na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/li>\n
                                  • Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed synchronizaci pro precizn\u00ed choreografii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Bezpe\u010dnost modern\u00edch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f vs. historick\u00e9 metody<\/h2>\n

                                    \"\" \"\" \"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

                                    Tich\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje – nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra pyrotechniky<\/h2>\n

                                    Tich\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed trend v pyrotechnice. Tyto ekologick\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed:<\/h3>\n
                                      \n
                                    • N\u00edzkohlu\u010dn\u00e9 pyrotechnick\u00e9 sm\u011bsi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      V\u00fdhody tich\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f:<\/h3>\n
                                        \n
                                      • Ochrana zv\u00ed\u0159at p\u0159ed hlukem<\/li>\n
                                      • Men\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/li>\n
                                      • Mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech<\/li>\n
                                      • P\u0159esn\u00e9 synchronizace s hudbou<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o historii oh\u0148ostroj\u016f<\/h2>\n

                                        Kdo vynalezl barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje?<\/h3>\n

                                        Barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje nevynalezl jeden \u010dlov\u011bk, ale vznikly postupn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch alchymist\u016f p\u0159es Roberta Boylea a\u017e po chemiky 19. stolet\u00ed jako Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin.<\/p>\n

                                        Pro\u010d byly p\u016fvodn\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje pouze zlat\u00e9?<\/h3>\n

                                        P\u016fvodn\u00ed pyrotechnick\u00e9 sm\u011bsi obsahovaly pouze d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed, s\u00edru a saletr. Kovov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice se p\u0159i ho\u0159en\u00ed rozeh\u0159\u00e1ly na vysokou teplotu a vyza\u0159ovaly zlatav\u00e9 a\u017e st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n

                                        Jak funguj\u00ed barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje?<\/h3>\n

                                        Barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje funguj\u00ed na principu excitace elektron\u016f v kovov\u00fdch atomech. R\u016fzn\u00e9 kovy p\u0159i ho\u0159en\u00ed vyza\u0159uj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 barvy sv\u011btla – stroncium \u010dervenou, barium zelenou, m\u011b\u010f modrou.<\/p>\n

                                        Kdo byli Ruggieri brat\u0159i?<\/h3>\n

                                        Ruggieri brat\u0159i byli italsk\u00e1 rodina pyrotechnik\u016f, kter\u00e1 se stala dvorn\u00edmi oh\u0148ostr\u016fjci francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le v 18. stolet\u00ed. Organizovali nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje v\u010detn\u011b tragick\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje na svatb\u011b Marie Antoinetty.<\/p>\n

                                        Kdy vznikly prvn\u00ed barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje?<\/h3>\n

                                        <\/h3>\n

                                        Prvn\u00ed pokusy o barevn\u00e9 efekty poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, ale spolehliv\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje vznikly a\u017e na konci 18. a v 19. stolet\u00ed d\u00edky chemick\u00fdm objev\u016fm.<\/p>\n

                                        Jak\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti dnes vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje?<\/h3>\n

                                        Mezi sv\u011btov\u00e9 l\u00eddry pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 Caballer, italsk\u00e1 Vaccalluzzo a japon\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci Hanabi oh\u0148ostroj\u016f. Tyto spole\u010dnosti dok\u00e1\u017eou vyrobit prakticky jak\u00fdkoliv barevn\u00fd odst\u00edn.<\/p>\n

                                        Od zlat\u00fdch jisker k nekone\u010dn\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 palet\u011b<\/h2>\n

                                        Historie barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh lidsk\u00e9 kreativity a v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pokroku. Od jednoduch\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f Ruggieri brat\u0159\u00ed v 18. stolet\u00ed jsme se dostali k modern\u00ed pyrotechnice, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee na obloze vytvo\u0159it prakticky jakoukoliv barvu.<\/p>\n

                                        Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 miln\u00edky v\u00fdvoje oh\u0148ostroj\u016f:<\/h3>\n
                                          \n
                                        • St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna: Prvn\u00ed pokusy s barevn\u00fdmi efekty<\/li>\n
                                        • 1664: Robert Boyle popisuje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 z\u00e1klady barevn\u00fdch plamen\u016f<\/li>\n
                                        • 18. stolet\u00ed: Ruggieri brat\u0159i a vrchol klasick\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 pyrotechniky<\/li>\n
                                        • 1797: Vauquelin objevuje spolehlivou \u010dervenou barvu<\/li>\n
                                        • 19. stolet\u00ed: Chemick\u00e1 revoluce v barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u00edch<\/li>\n
                                        • 20. stolet\u00ed: Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed barevn\u00e9 palety<\/li>\n
                                        • Konec 20. stolet\u00ed: Pr\u016flom v testov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch odst\u00edn\u016f<\/li>\n
                                        • 21. stolet\u00ed: Nekone\u010dn\u00e9 spektrum barev d\u00edky firm\u00e1m jako Caballer, Vaccalluzzo a japonsk\u00fdm Hanabi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          Sou\u010dasnost a budoucnost pyrotechniky:<\/h3>\n

                                          Dne\u0161n\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00ed v\u00fdrobci oh\u0148ostroj\u016f jako \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 Caballer nebo italsk\u00e1 Vaccalluzzo dok\u00e1\u017eou na zak\u00e1zku vyrobit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00fdkoliv barevn\u00fd odst\u00edn. Japonsk\u00e9 Hanabi p\u0159edstavuje vrchol um\u011bleck\u00e9 pyrotechniky s d\u016frazem na estetiku a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

                                          P\u0159edstavte si ten \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd pokrok: od dob, kdy byly oh\u0148ostroje pouze zlat\u00e9, p\u0159es obdob\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161esti barev a\u017e po dne\u0161n\u00ed mo\u017enost vytvo\u0159it jakoukoliv barvu na obloze. To je skute\u010dn\u00e1 revoluce v pyrotechnice!<\/p>\n

                                          A\u0165 u\u017e sledujete novoro\u010dn\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj, svatebn\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj nebo japonsk\u00e9 Hanabi, pamatujte na dlouhou cestu, kterou barevn\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje pro\u0161ly od zlat\u00fdch jisker Ruggieri brat\u0159\u00ed k dne\u0161n\u00ed nekone\u010dn\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 palet\u011b na obloze.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                          Kdy\u017e oh\u0148ostroje m\u011bly pouze zlatou barvu P\u0159edstavte si oh\u0148ostroj bez barev – pouze zlat\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 jiskry osv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed oblohu. P\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00e9 byly oh\u0148ostroje a\u017e do konce 18. stolet\u00ed. Historie barevn\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o pyrotechnice, alchymii a v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objevech, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily zp\u016fsob, jak slav\u00edme v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na \u00fa\u017easnou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[98,53,95,96,97,93],"class_list":["post-6967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","tag-feuerwerk","tag-historie","tag-ohnostroj","tag-ohnostroje","tag-pyrotechnika","tag-zabavni-pyrotechnika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6967"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6982,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6967\/revisions\/6982"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hicp.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}